Equations, Inequalities, and Problem Solving

Equations, Inequalities, and Problem Solving

Inequalities

Solving an inequality is the process of finding the numbers that make an algebraic inequality a true numerical statement. We call such numbers the solutions of the inequality; the solutions satisfy the inequality.

There are various ways to display the solution set of an inequality. The three most common ways to show the solution set are set builder notation, a line graph of the solution, or interval notation.

Inequality Solution Notation

Solving Inequalities

Addition Property of Inequality

Property

For all real numbers \(a\), \(b\), and \(c\)

$$ a > b \text{ if and only if } a + c > b + c $$

This property is analogous for \(<\), \(\leq\) and \(\geq\).

Multiplication Property of Inequality

Property

For all real numbers \(a\), \(b\), and \(c\) with \(c > 0\)

$$ a > b \text{ if and only if } ac > bc $$

Property

For all real numbers \(a\), \(b\), and \(c\) with \(c > 0\)

$$ a > b \text{ if and only if } ac < bc $$

Equations and Inequalities Involving Absolute Value

Property 2.1

\(|x| = k\) is equivalent to \(x = - k\) or \(x = k\), where \(k\) is a positive number.

Solving Inequalities That Involve Absolute Value

Property 2.2

\(|x| < k\) is equivalent to \(x > - k\) or \(x < k\), where \(k\) is a positive number.

Remember that we can write a conjunction such as \(x > -k\) and \(x < -k\) in the compact form \(-k < x < k\).

Property 2.3

\(|x| > k\) is equivalent to \(x < - k\) or \(x > k\), where \(k\) is a positive number.